Moving Beyond Customer Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Moving Beyond Customer Service - Essay Example 2. The correspondence procedures utilized by the staff of the inn, including those at the front work area and at Ballroom A, were considerate. Sadly, the senior supervisor of the inn was presumptuous and ill bred to the inn visitors. A potential clash might be kept away from if the senior supervisor didn't communicate his feelings concerning how baffled he has become concerning people with inabilities. Acceleration of contention from potential to real might be forestalled by thinking about how the customer must feel that he was unable to go to the wedding since his wheelchair couldn't go through the capacity room. A satisfying tone in imparting to the visitors may likewise forestall the acceleration of the contention. 3. One clash included the non-accessibility of a space for one lodging visitor, in spite of her introduction of an affirmation number for a booking that was made fourteen days sooner. An answer for this issue would include the quick arrangement of a space for this specific visitor and conceivably an extra element, for example, a free supper from the hotel’s lounge area, for nothing out of pocket. The other clash included the failure of a handicapped visitor to get into the capacity room of a wedding. A potential answer for this contention would include the development of tables in the capacity room and be helping the visitor in getting into the wedding gathering. 4. The staff individuals from the inn didn't assume full liability for settling the contentions since they approached the senior supervisor for answers for these issues. Clashes could have been forestalled if the front work area representative gave a space to the primary lodging visitor. On account of the wedding episode, the circumstance could have been improved if the lodging partner assumed the liability of helping the visitor in breaking through to the wedding gathering without the assistance of the head supervisor.

RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE & COMMUNITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strict EXPERIENCE and COMMUNITY - Essay Example nd strategies to use to arrive at their end in their confidence, while in a little custom, the specialists are constrained to one another and the information that has been passed down starting with one individual then onto the next. A prime model between the two customs can be found in Catholicism, the distinction between the Pope and different supporters of the religion. The Pope has considered it in the feeling of the more prominent custom - through books, preparing, and practice; different specialists, the ones that go to the congregation are those that training the little convention. The Pope rehearses Catholicism the manner in which it was proposed to be polished, yet the congregation goers do what can be casually viewed as second best. There are those still that don't go to a congregation, however practice in the manners in which that they were instructed by others, by conventions went down to them. The distinctions lie with the pastorate, the littler gatherings, and the people. As there is next to no differentiation between the various ways that Catholicism can be drilled, even between the Pope and people of society, there is not really a recognizable impact. Every individual and each gathering rehearses how they can; as it were, changing the conventions is important, as it permits every individual or each gathering to completely comprehend the better purposes of their religion. A few people would not escape books what the Pope can, so they work with what they have a simpler time understanding. In a similar sense, the progressions are acceptable - they help to bring individuals closer to that religion. At the point when an individual understands that can't accomplish something one way, they ad lib with another way that they are alright with. Numerous religions are only here and there what they had initially been, inferable from the way that not every person was lucky enough to examine it in the incredible custom, so they turned to what they

An Overview of Quitting Smoking

An Overview of Quitting Smoking June 25, 2019 More in Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking After You Quit Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Most seasoned smokers spend part of each and every day hating the fact that they smoke. On the flip side, they relish lighting up with that first cup of coffee or after every meal, as well. The mental tug-of-war this causes creates a state of anxiety for many smokers. Does your mind bounce back and forth on the issue of smoking cessation? Or do you quit only to find yourself smoking again within days, or at most, a few weeks? Does smoking make you feel weak and powerless? Do you wonder if youll ever find a way to quit smoking for good? Statistics tell us that approximately 70 percent of Americas 40 million smokers want to quit.?? We also know that 40 percent of ex-smokers have more than one quit attempt under their belts before stopping permanently.?? Nicotine addiction is powerful and smoking cessation involves a lot of work for most peopleâ€"its not handed to us on a silver platter. You can, however, quit smoking successfully. And the good news is that thousands of people do just that every year. Theyve found their way out and enjoy a comfortable life free of thoughts of smoking. Most of them believed at one time, just as you probably do, that they couldnt quit. How did they do it? While there is no magic bullet that makes smoking cessation easy and pain-free, there are steps you can take to develop the commitment necessary to quit smoking in a way that will bring you lasting success. Top 5 Things to Know You are addicted to a drug. Nicotine is a powerfully addictive drug that affects brain chemistry. Smokers sometimes think of smoking as a bad habit that they can stop whenever they choose and are surprised to find that this is not the case when they try to quit.Its never too late to quit. Years of smoking and the health problems that come with it can lead us to believe that smoking cessation wont be of any benefitâ€"that the harm is already done. This is not true. Once you stop smoking, your body begins to heal itself. While not all smoking damage can be undone, much of it can be improved or arrested.Junkie thinking is normal and to be expected. Thoughts of smoking and feelings of loss and sadness are normal when you stop smoking. Every nicotine addict will experience these symptoms of nicotine withdrawal to some extent, and they will pass eventually, as long as you dont smoke and start the whole cycle over.Your quit program should include online support. You might not be the kind of person who enjoys chatting in an online forum atmosphere, but you should still think of online support as a mandatory tool in your quit smoking toolbox. You do not have to actively participate to benefit from the experience and support of ex-smokers who are working together. Stop in at our support forum and do some reading. An added bonus is that the light is on 24/7 with people visiting from around the world. So if youre craving a cigarette at 1 am, chances are youll be able to connect with someone right away.You wont miss smoking forever. Nicotine addiction has a way of holding us hostage. And when we try to quit, it can be overwhelming to imagine not smoking ever again let alone living a life that is free of thoughts of smoking. With education and the willingness to change the relationship you have with cigarettes, however, true release from the desire to smoke is possible...and well worth the work it takes to achieve. Quit Aids vs. Cold Turkey Cold turkey is a term used to describe quitting smoking without the help of a quit aid. It is the most difficult quit method, initially, in terms of nicotine withdrawal. And the rate of success for cold turkey quitters is low. However, for some people, it works. If you think you fall into that category, use the tips in the section below to prepare for the ups and downs that will come during the first few weeks of cessation. That said, there are a variety of quit aids available today that allow new ex-smokers to minimize the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal or avoid them altogether. There is no shame in using an aid to help you stop smoking and, in fact, doctors today often recommend a combination of quit aids and counseling as the best approach to stop smoking. Choosing the quit aid youd like to use is largely a matter of choice, barring a medical condition that might make one or another a better fit for you. Have a discussion with your doctor or other healthcare professional about quit aids before you make a decision. Preparing to Quit If you havent done it yet, pick your quit date. Dont make it too far in the future because chances are youll lose motivation before the date arrives. A good rule of thumb is to pick a date within two weeks of deciding to quit. Once you have your date, start gathering supplies to have on hand for your quit and remove all smoking paraphernalia from around the house and car. Lastly, start a quit journal and make your first entry the reasons why you want to quit smoking. Copy this list onto a single sheet of paper that you can fold and tuck into your purse or wallet to review when craving a cigarette. Add to your list as time goes byâ€"think of it as a way to keep your memory green about how much smoking negatively impacted your life before you quit. What to Expect After You Quit Nicotine withdrawal will be your first challenge. Learn what to expect from it and how to manage the discomforts. Knowledge is key to overcoming this short but intense phase of smoking cessation.Junkie thinking comes with nicotine withdrawal and can (and usually does) extend beyond it. It is a product of addiction that is common to all recovering addicts. Develop a conscious attention to what your mind is saying and the ability to change negative, self-defeating thoughts to ones that help you. Junkie thoughts will fade to nothing in time if you do this.Learn the art of distraction. Recovery from nicotine addiction is in large part an exercise in reprogramming our minds to expect something other than a cigarette to fill a gap. This takes work initially, but the mind listens and adapts quickly. Youll be surprised at how natural it becomes to not smoke once you get some practice at it.Be patient and let time help you. Healing from nicotine addiction takes the better part of a year to ac hieve. This doesnt mean youll be uncomfortable for a year, but it does take that long to reprogram the majority of associations we have with smoking. Relax and let time help you. Every smoke-free day you complete is a step closer to the long-term success youre looking for. 2:04 8 Tips For Quitting Smoking Change Your Mind, Change Your Life True freedom is a state of mind. We all know people who quit smoking years ago and still lament that they miss cigarettes. This is a scary concept for any smoker trying to quit, but you neednt worry. The key to truly breaking the ties to smoking in a permanent way lies in changing our relationship with smokingâ€"something that these people didnt do. Over the course of our years of smoking, we turned to cigarettes for comfort, companionship, stress relief, and more, learning to relate all of the events in our lives to smoking. We thought of it as a solution rather than a problem and unconsciously adopted unhealthy and inaccurate beliefs as facts of life, instead of seeing smoking for what it really wasâ€"a need to feed an addiction. Unraveling all of those false associations and replacing them with healthy ways of dealing with our lives will start the ball rolling on changing the relationship you have with smoking. Really Examine the Health Risks Another step in changing your mind about smoking involves removing the blinders we put up as smokers and seeking out information on the damage tobacco causes. We all know about the health risks, but avoid reading about them whenever possible. Taking a close look at research, news, and statistics will help you make that shift away from being a comfortable smoker to someone who cant wait to be clear of cigarettes for good. A Word From Verywell Most smokers are afraid to quit, but dont let fear paralyze you. Remember that this is junkie thinking caused by nicotine addiction and youve got the tools to deal with that now. Think about what youre really giving up when you quit smoking. Smoking cessation will reward you with benefits far beyond what you can probably imagine, so be patient and do the work to heal your body and mind from the years of smoking. Make a pact with yourself to stick with it until smoking no longer registers on the radar. It may seem like a winding path at times, but youll get there as long as you dont smoke. Believe in yourself. Youve got this.

An Overview of Quitting Smoking

An Overview of Quitting Smoking June 25, 2019 More in Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking After You Quit Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Most seasoned smokers spend part of each and every day hating the fact that they smoke. On the flip side, they relish lighting up with that first cup of coffee or after every meal, as well. The mental tug-of-war this causes creates a state of anxiety for many smokers. Does your mind bounce back and forth on the issue of smoking cessation? Or do you quit only to find yourself smoking again within days, or at most, a few weeks? Does smoking make you feel weak and powerless? Do you wonder if youll ever find a way to quit smoking for good? Statistics tell us that approximately 70 percent of Americas 40 million smokers want to quit.?? We also know that 40 percent of ex-smokers have more than one quit attempt under their belts before stopping permanently.?? Nicotine addiction is powerful and smoking cessation involves a lot of work for most peopleâ€"its not handed to us on a silver platter. You can, however, quit smoking successfully. And the good news is that thousands of people do just that every year. Theyve found their way out and enjoy a comfortable life free of thoughts of smoking. Most of them believed at one time, just as you probably do, that they couldnt quit. How did they do it? While there is no magic bullet that makes smoking cessation easy and pain-free, there are steps you can take to develop the commitment necessary to quit smoking in a way that will bring you lasting success. Top 5 Things to Know You are addicted to a drug. Nicotine is a powerfully addictive drug that affects brain chemistry. Smokers sometimes think of smoking as a bad habit that they can stop whenever they choose and are surprised to find that this is not the case when they try to quit.Its never too late to quit. Years of smoking and the health problems that come with it can lead us to believe that smoking cessation wont be of any benefitâ€"that the harm is already done. This is not true. Once you stop smoking, your body begins to heal itself. While not all smoking damage can be undone, much of it can be improved or arrested.Junkie thinking is normal and to be expected. Thoughts of smoking and feelings of loss and sadness are normal when you stop smoking. Every nicotine addict will experience these symptoms of nicotine withdrawal to some extent, and they will pass eventually, as long as you dont smoke and start the whole cycle over.Your quit program should include online support. You might not be the kind of person who enjoys chatting in an online forum atmosphere, but you should still think of online support as a mandatory tool in your quit smoking toolbox. You do not have to actively participate to benefit from the experience and support of ex-smokers who are working together. Stop in at our support forum and do some reading. An added bonus is that the light is on 24/7 with people visiting from around the world. So if youre craving a cigarette at 1 am, chances are youll be able to connect with someone right away.You wont miss smoking forever. Nicotine addiction has a way of holding us hostage. And when we try to quit, it can be overwhelming to imagine not smoking ever again let alone living a life that is free of thoughts of smoking. With education and the willingness to change the relationship you have with cigarettes, however, true release from the desire to smoke is possible...and well worth the work it takes to achieve. Quit Aids vs. Cold Turkey Cold turkey is a term used to describe quitting smoking without the help of a quit aid. It is the most difficult quit method, initially, in terms of nicotine withdrawal. And the rate of success for cold turkey quitters is low. However, for some people, it works. If you think you fall into that category, use the tips in the section below to prepare for the ups and downs that will come during the first few weeks of cessation. That said, there are a variety of quit aids available today that allow new ex-smokers to minimize the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal or avoid them altogether. There is no shame in using an aid to help you stop smoking and, in fact, doctors today often recommend a combination of quit aids and counseling as the best approach to stop smoking. Choosing the quit aid youd like to use is largely a matter of choice, barring a medical condition that might make one or another a better fit for you. Have a discussion with your doctor or other healthcare professional about quit aids before you make a decision. Preparing to Quit If you havent done it yet, pick your quit date. Dont make it too far in the future because chances are youll lose motivation before the date arrives. A good rule of thumb is to pick a date within two weeks of deciding to quit. Once you have your date, start gathering supplies to have on hand for your quit and remove all smoking paraphernalia from around the house and car. Lastly, start a quit journal and make your first entry the reasons why you want to quit smoking. Copy this list onto a single sheet of paper that you can fold and tuck into your purse or wallet to review when craving a cigarette. Add to your list as time goes byâ€"think of it as a way to keep your memory green about how much smoking negatively impacted your life before you quit. What to Expect After You Quit Nicotine withdrawal will be your first challenge. Learn what to expect from it and how to manage the discomforts. Knowledge is key to overcoming this short but intense phase of smoking cessation.Junkie thinking comes with nicotine withdrawal and can (and usually does) extend beyond it. It is a product of addiction that is common to all recovering addicts. Develop a conscious attention to what your mind is saying and the ability to change negative, self-defeating thoughts to ones that help you. Junkie thoughts will fade to nothing in time if you do this.Learn the art of distraction. Recovery from nicotine addiction is in large part an exercise in reprogramming our minds to expect something other than a cigarette to fill a gap. This takes work initially, but the mind listens and adapts quickly. Youll be surprised at how natural it becomes to not smoke once you get some practice at it.Be patient and let time help you. Healing from nicotine addiction takes the better part of a year to ac hieve. This doesnt mean youll be uncomfortable for a year, but it does take that long to reprogram the majority of associations we have with smoking. Relax and let time help you. Every smoke-free day you complete is a step closer to the long-term success youre looking for. 2:04 8 Tips For Quitting Smoking Change Your Mind, Change Your Life True freedom is a state of mind. We all know people who quit smoking years ago and still lament that they miss cigarettes. This is a scary concept for any smoker trying to quit, but you neednt worry. The key to truly breaking the ties to smoking in a permanent way lies in changing our relationship with smokingâ€"something that these people didnt do. Over the course of our years of smoking, we turned to cigarettes for comfort, companionship, stress relief, and more, learning to relate all of the events in our lives to smoking. We thought of it as a solution rather than a problem and unconsciously adopted unhealthy and inaccurate beliefs as facts of life, instead of seeing smoking for what it really wasâ€"a need to feed an addiction. Unraveling all of those false associations and replacing them with healthy ways of dealing with our lives will start the ball rolling on changing the relationship you have with smoking. Really Examine the Health Risks Another step in changing your mind about smoking involves removing the blinders we put up as smokers and seeking out information on the damage tobacco causes. We all know about the health risks, but avoid reading about them whenever possible. Taking a close look at research, news, and statistics will help you make that shift away from being a comfortable smoker to someone who cant wait to be clear of cigarettes for good. A Word From Verywell Most smokers are afraid to quit, but dont let fear paralyze you. Remember that this is junkie thinking caused by nicotine addiction and youve got the tools to deal with that now. Think about what youre really giving up when you quit smoking. Smoking cessation will reward you with benefits far beyond what you can probably imagine, so be patient and do the work to heal your body and mind from the years of smoking. Make a pact with yourself to stick with it until smoking no longer registers on the radar. It may seem like a winding path at times, but youll get there as long as you dont smoke. Believe in yourself. Youve got this.

The Effect of Caffeine on the Heart Rate of Daphnia

Hypothesis: As the caffeine concentration rises, so does the mean heart rate of daphnia. Risk Assessment: In this experiment there are the following risks both for the human that carries out the experiment and the daphnia: ↠ The human that carries out the experiment should be cautious not to touch the lamp with wet hands since it uses electricity. ↠ Also, be careful not to spill any of the pond water on the floor. ↠ As for the daphnia, there is a chance for them to die as when they are exposed to light, they are also exposed to heat in which they aren’t used to. ↠ Moreover, when they are given caffeine of a high concentration their heart may beat so fast that will cause their death. ↠ Furthermore, there is the†¦show more content†¦|Treatment |Heart Rate per 30 seconds |Mean from each experiment in heart | | | |beats min-1 | |1st Trial |2nd Trial |3rd Trial |4th Trial | | |Pond Water |122 |164 |188 |185 |341 | |Caffeine (0.125%) |410 |440 |/ |/ |425 | |Caffeine (0.25%) |200 |204 |/ |/ |404 | |Caffeine (0.5%) |162 |/ |/ |/ |324 | | These results are better depicted by the following chart. Conclusions: The chart does not confirm what our hypothesis was: that the higher the concentration of the caffeine solution the more the beats per minute of the daphnia. This, though, might be a mistake since the caffeine solution may not have been exactly as we wanted it in each occasion, hence making the results inaccurate. Also, when trying to press the â€Å"=† button of the calculator faster, many of those additions were not calculated since the calculator can’t add as fast as we press the button. Evaluation: If I were given the opportunity to repeat the experiment these are the parts of it that I would change: ↠ I would repeat the experiment with the caffeine solution more times, so that the results I would get will be moreShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Caffeine On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia1114 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiment was to see if caffeine had an effect on the heart rate of Daphnia (water fleas) by observing them under the microscope and recording their heart rate over a period of time in concentrations of caffeine. Caffeine, which is a stimulant drug rttused in coffee, tea, Red Bull and Pro-plus, causes increased amounts of stimulatory neurotransmitters to be released. As caffeine is a stimulant, a prediction was made that caffeine would increase the heart rate of the Daphnia. Method To conduct thisRead MoreThe Effect Of Caffeine On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia2723 Words   |  11 Pages Effect of Caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia Abstract In this experiment we find how caffeine can affect the heart rate of a culture Daphnia. Heart rate of a living organism’s can vary depending on the individual, age, body size, heart conditions, medication use and even temperature. This report will examine if the caffeine is good or bad for the living organism’s health and body. And discuss about where the caffeine is produced and used in daily life of human beings and on theRead MoreEffects Of The Heart Rate From Caffeine And Ethanol1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences of the heart rate from caffeine and ethanol. By understanding the topic, it can be proven that these drugs affect organisms in a certain way, such as the heart rate. The information, collected following the experiment, can be inferred in recognizing the way our body responds to chemicals when drinking coffees and colas. The experiment was conducted by inducing the species Daphnia magna to both caffeine and ethanol, while being compared to a controlled g roup. Daphnia magna are small crustaceansRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Magna1341 Words   |  6 PagesThis report presents the physiological changes in the heart rate of a fresh water crustacean Daphnia magna when exposed to caffeine and alcohol. Different Daphnia magnas were placed in a depression slide containing fresh water and later exposed to solutions of caffeine and alcohol. Each Daphnia magna had different responses. These data suggest there is an increase in heart rate when a Daphnia magna is exposed to caffeine and a decrease in heart rate when it is in a solution of alcohol. LAB REPORTRead MoreEffect Of A Substance On Daphnia1285 Words   |  6 Pagesconducted by a number of individuals to see how the effects of a substance would have an effect on a Daphnia. The Daphnia’s were placed in multiple different substances environment to see the effect it would have on their heart rates. When doing the experiment the first step was to take the Daphnia and put it a Water solution to observe the heart rate of the Daphnia and record the heart rate. Recording of the heart rate were taken for when the Daphnia were in the Water solution that way they could compareRead MoreHow Does Caffeine And Nicotine Affect Daphnia Magna?863 Words   |  4 PagesHow Does Caffeine and Nicotine Affect Daphnia magna Introduction: The experiment conducted primarily focused on the heart of the Daphnia magna and how it is affected by caffeine and nicotine. The organism is transparent this key feature is ideal for a model organism. During the experiment a total number of four organisms were treated with caffeine and nicotine. Caffeine is a stimulant of the nervous system. (Caffeine. 2015) Caffeine is present in highly consumed products such as coffee, tea, chocolateRead MoreThe Effect of Caffiene on Heart Rate1658 Words   |  7 PagesTITLE: Effect of the caffeine on the heart rate OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the caffeine on the heart rate of living organisms. INTRODUCTION: * Daphnia Daphnia  are small,  planktonic  crustaceans, between 0.2 and 5  mm in length.  Daphnia  are members of the  order  Cladocera, and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called  water fleas  because of their  saltatory  swimming style (although  fleas  are  insects  and thus only very distantly related). TheyRead MoreDaphnia Experiment Report1504 Words   |  7 PagesDaphnia Experiment Report 1. Introduction Caffeine is found in many plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide. It is found most commonly in cocoa, tea and coffee, but is also artificially added to some soft drinks such as cola to act as a flavour enhancer. When consumed by humans, caffeine works as a stimulant causing amounts of released neurotransmitters to be increased. High use of caffeine has been related with raised blood pressure, restlessness, insomnia and anxiety which, inRead MoreDaphnia Heart Rate Experiment Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesExperiment Report for: ‘the affect of Caffeine on Daphnia’s heartbeat’ Introduction: Aim: The aim of this experiment is to understand the affect of the drug Caffeine on the rate of a Daphnia’s heartbeat. This is to understand the affect of caffeine on a human’s heart rate and the use of daphnia keeps the experiment fair and safe. Background Research: Daphnia – Daphnia (water fleas) are grouped as crustaceans under the arthropod group of Kingdom Anamalia. They have an open circulatoryRead MoreThe Effect Of Various Drugs On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Magna1222 Words   |  5 Pagesperformed to visualize the effects of various drugs on the heart rate of Daphnia magna. The four drugs tested consisted of: Lidocaine, Acetylcholine, Caffeine, and Nicotine. These drugs were designed to have an apparent effect on the average heart rate of the Daphnia. The laboratory exercise was divided into two parts and procedures: measuring the basal heart rate of Daphnia, and measuring the drug induced heart rate of Daphnia. In order to measure the basal heart rate, various Daphnia were obtained and observed The Effect Of Caffeine On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Effect of Caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia Abstract In this experiment we find how caffeine can affect the heart rate of a culture Daphnia. Heart rate of a living organism’s can vary depending on the individual, age, body size, heart conditions, medication use and even temperature. This report will examine if the caffeine is good or bad for the living organism’s health and body. And discuss about where the caffeine is produced and used in daily life of human beings and on the environment. Daphnia is a water flea used in this experiment because of its genomic infrastructure with wide range of phenotypic diversity. This quality of Daphnia makes them a versatile model for the experiment. Also their transparent body allows the experimenter to visually see how the heart beats and count them under the light microscope during the experiment as required. The heart rate of Daphnia is monitored under different concentration of caffeine solution and the results are shown in a table and a graph. Experiment carried out to locate the effects of caffeine on a heart rate of Daphnia may or may not be a predictor of change in human heart rate under caffeine. The effects of caffeine can also be tested on humans but those experiment involving humans contains high risk, as Daphnia can only live for a short period of time and in nature most of them get eaten within their first few days or weeks of life. Introduction Caffeine is a product, which is naturally produced byShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Caffeine On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia1114 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiment was to see if caffeine had an effect on the heart rate of Daphnia (water fleas) by observing them under the microscope and recording their heart rate over a period of time in concentrations of caffeine. Caffeine, which is a stimulant drug rttused in coffee, tea, Red Bull and Pro-plus, causes increased amounts of stimulatory neurotransmitters to be released. As caffeine is a stimulant, a prediction was made that caffeine would increase the heart rate of the Daphnia. Method To conduct thisRead MoreThe Effect of Caffeine on the Heart Rate of Daphnia968 Words   |  4 PagesHypothesis: As the caffeine concentration rises, so does the mean heart rate of daphnia. Risk Assessment: In this experiment there are the following risks both for the human that carries out the experiment and the daphnia: ↠ The human that carries out the experiment should be cautious not to touch the lamp with wet hands since it uses electricity. ↠ Also, be careful not to spill any of the pond water on the floor. ↠ As for the daphnia, there is a chance for them to die as whenRead MoreEffects Of The Heart Rate From Caffeine And Ethanol1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences of the heart rate from caffeine and ethanol. By understanding the topic, it can be proven that these drugs affect organisms in a certain way, such as the heart rate. The information, collected following the experiment, can be inferred in recognizing the way our body responds to chemicals when drinking coffees and colas. The experiment was conducted by inducing the species Daphnia magna to both caffeine and ethanol, while being compared to a controlled group. Daphnia magna are small crustaceansRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Magna1341 Words   |  6 PagesThis report presents the physiological changes in the heart rate of a fresh water crustacean Daphnia magna when exposed to caffeine and alcohol. Different Daphnia magnas were placed in a depression slide containing fresh water and late r exposed to solutions of caffeine and alcohol. Each Daphnia magna had different responses. These data suggest there is an increase in heart rate when a Daphnia magna is exposed to caffeine and a decrease in heart rate when it is in a solution of alcohol. LAB REPORTRead MoreEffect Of A Substance On Daphnia1285 Words   |  6 Pagesconducted by a number of individuals to see how the effects of a substance would have an effect on a Daphnia. The Daphnia’s were placed in multiple different substances environment to see the effect it would have on their heart rates. When doing the experiment the first step was to take the Daphnia and put it a Water solution to observe the heart rate of the Daphnia and record the heart rate. Recording of the heart rate were taken for when the Daphnia were in the Water solution that way they could compareRead MoreHow Does Caffeine And Nicotine Affect Daphnia Magna?863 Words   |  4 PagesHow Does Caffeine and Nicotine Affect Daphnia magna Introduction: The experiment conducted primarily focused on the heart of the Daphnia magna and how it is affected by caffeine and nicotine. The organism is transparent this key feature is ideal for a model organism. During the experiment a total number of four organisms were treated with caffeine and nicotine. Caffeine is a stimulant of the nervous system. (Caffeine. 2015) Caffeine is present in highly consumed products such as coffee, tea, chocolateRead MoreThe Effect of Caffiene on Heart Rate1658 Words   |  7 PagesTITLE: Effect of the caffeine on the heart rate OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the caffeine on the heart rate of living organisms. INTRODUCTION: * Daphnia Daphnia  are small,  planktonic  crustaceans, between 0.2 and 5  mm in length.  Daphnia  are members of the  order  Cladocera, and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called  water fleas  because of their  saltatory  swimming style (although  fleas  are  insects  and thus only very distantly related). TheyRead MoreDaphnia Experiment Report1504 Words   |  7 PagesDaphnia Experiment Report 1. Introduction Caffeine is found in many plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide. It is found most commonly in cocoa, tea and coffee, but is also artificially added to some soft drinks such as cola to act as a flavour enhancer. When consumed by humans, caffeine works as a stimulant causing amounts of released neurotransmitters to be increased. High use of caffeine has been related with raised blood pressure, restlessness, insomnia and anxiety which, inRead MoreDaphnia Heart Rate Experiment Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesExperiment Report for: ‘the affect of Caffeine on Daphnia’s heartbeat’ Introduction: Aim: The aim of this experiment is to understand the affect of the drug Caffeine on the rate of a Daphnia’s heartbeat. This is to understand the affect of caffeine on a human’s heart rate and the use of daphnia keeps the experiment fair and safe. Background Research: Daphnia – Daphnia (water fleas) are grouped as crustaceans under the arthropod group of Kingdom Anamalia. They have an open circulatoryRead MoreThe Effect Of Various Drugs On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Magna1222 Words   |  5 Pagesperformed to visualize the effects of various drugs on the heart rate of Daphnia magna. The four drugs tested consisted of: Lidocaine, Acetylcholine, Caffeine, and Nicotine. These drugs were designed to have an apparent effect on the average heart rate of the Daphnia. The laboratory exercise was divided into two parts and procedures: measuring the basal heart rate of Daphnia, and measuring the drug induced heart rate of Daphnia. In order to measure the basal heart rate, various Daphnia were obtained and observed The Effect Of Caffeine On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia The purpose of this experiment was to see if caffeine had an effect on the heart rate of Daphnia (water fleas) by observing them under the microscope and recording their heart rate over a period of time in concentrations of caffeine. Caffeine, which is a stimulant drug rttused in coffee, tea, Red Bull and Pro-plus, causes increased amounts of stimulatory neurotransmitters to be released. As caffeine is a stimulant, a prediction was made that caffeine would increase the heart rate of the Daphnia. Method To conduct this study a culture of living Daphnia were collected from a nearby natural water source area. A light microscope was set up with the light on a low setting; one large Daphnia was selected and placed in the centre of a cavity slide by using a pipette. The Daphnia and the cavity in the slide was surrounded by a ring of cotton wool, this restricted the movement of the Daphnia making it easier to count its heart rate under the microscope. No cover slip was used as it would have damaged the water flea and stopped its oxygen supply. Before placing the slide under the microscope, a tissue was used to remove the pond water around the Daphnia and with a pipette plain water was added to the cavity slide. As soon as the water was added a timer was set for two minutes and the slide was placed under the microscope. Steadily adjusting the controls on the microscope the Daphnia was made visible and the heart was located through its translucent body. As soon as the twoShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Caffeine on the Heart Rate of Daphnia968 Words   |  4 PagesHypothesis: As the caffeine concentration rises, so does the mean heart rate of daphnia. Risk Assessment: In this experiment there are the following risks both for the human that carries out the experiment and the daphnia: ↠ The human that carries out the experiment should be cautious not to touch the lamp with wet hands since it uses electricity. ↠ Also, be careful not to spill any of the pond water on the floor. ↠ As for the daphnia, there is a chance for them to die as whenRead MoreThe Effect Of Caffeine On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia2723 Words   |  11 Pages Effect of Caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia Abstract In this experiment we find how caffeine can affect the heart rate of a culture Daphnia. Heart rate of a living organism’s can vary depending on the individual, age, body size, heart conditions, medication use and even temperature. This report will examine if the caffeine is good or bad for the living organism’s health and body. And discuss about where the caffeine is produced and used in daily life of human beings and on theRead MoreEffects Of The Heart Rate From Caffeine And Ethanol1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences of the heart rate from caffeine and ethanol. By understanding the topic, it can be proven that these drugs affect organisms in a certain way, such as the heart rate. The information, collected following the experiment, can be inferred in recognizing the way our body responds to chemicals when drinking coffees and colas. The experiment was conducted by inducing the species Daphnia magna to both caffeine and ethanol, while being compared to a controlled g roup. Daphnia magna are small crustaceansRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Magna1341 Words   |  6 PagesThis report presents the physiological changes in the heart rate of a fresh water crustacean Daphnia magna when exposed to caffeine and alcohol. Different Daphnia magnas were placed in a depression slide containing fresh water and later exposed to solutions of caffeine and alcohol. Each Daphnia magna had different responses. These data suggest there is an increase in heart rate when a Daphnia magna is exposed to caffeine and a decrease in heart rate when it is in a solution of alcohol. LAB REPORTRead MoreEffect Of A Substance On Daphnia1285 Words   |  6 Pagesconducted by a number of individuals to see how the effects of a substance would have an effect on a Daphnia. The Daphnia’s were placed in multiple different substances environment to see the effect it would have on their heart rates. When doing the experiment the first step was to take the Daphnia and put it a Water solution to observe the heart rate of the Daphnia and record the heart rate. Recording of the heart rate were taken for when the Daphnia were in the Water solution that way they could compareRead MoreHow Does Caffeine And Nicotine Affect Daphnia Magna?863 Words   |  4 PagesHow Does Caffeine and Nicotine Affect Daphnia magna Introduction: The experiment conducted primarily focused on the heart of the Daphnia magna and how it is affected by caffeine and nicotine. The organism is transparent this key feature is ideal for a model organism. During the experiment a total number of four organisms were treated with caffeine and nicotine. Caffeine is a stimulant of the nervous system. (Caffeine. 2015) Caffeine is present in highly consumed products such as coffee, tea, chocolateRead MoreThe Effect of Caffiene on Heart Rate1658 Words   |  7 PagesTITLE: Effect of the caffeine on the heart rate OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the caffeine on the heart rate of living organisms. INTRODUCTION: * Daphnia Daphnia  are small,  planktonic  crustaceans, between 0.2 and 5  mm in length.  Daphnia  are members of the  order  Cladocera, and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called  water fleas  because of their  saltatory  swimming style (although  fleas  are  insects  and thus only very distantly related). TheyRead MoreDaphnia Experiment Report1504 Words   |  7 PagesDaphnia Experiment Report 1. Introduction Caffeine is found in many plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide. It is found most commonly in cocoa, tea and coffee, but is also artificially added to some soft drinks such as cola to act as a flavour enhancer. When consumed by humans, caffeine works as a stimulant causing amounts of released neurotransmitters to be increased. High use of caffeine has been related with raised blood pressure, restlessness, insomnia and anxiety which, inRead MoreDaphnia Heart Rate Experiment Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesExperiment Report for: ‘the affect of Caffeine on Daphnia’s heartbeat’ Introduction: Aim: The aim of this experiment is to understand the affect of the drug Caffeine on the rate of a Daphnia’s heartbeat. This is to understand the affect of caffeine on a human’s heart rate and the use of daphnia keeps the experiment fair and safe. Background Research: Daphnia – Daphnia (water fleas) are grouped as crustaceans under the arthropod group of Kingdom Anamalia. They have an open circulatoryRead MoreThe Effect Of Various Drugs On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Magna1222 Words   |  5 Pagesperformed to visualize the effects of various drugs on the heart rate of Daphnia magna. The four drugs tested consisted of: Lidocaine, Acetylcholine, Caffeine, and Nicotine. These drugs were designed to have an apparent effect on the average heart rate of the Daphnia. The laboratory exercise was divided into two parts and procedures: measuring the basal heart rate of Daphnia, and measuring the drug induced heart rate of Daphnia. In order to measure the basal heart rate, various Daphnia were obtained and observed

Asians and the Causes for Genius - 1212 Words

Asians and the Causes of Genius For many students in the western world, school, especially math, can be a great challenge that they struggle with. However, Asian schools have a much more rigorous system, yet their students breeze through lessons and consistently overachieve. Many people have attempted to explain this discrepancy, and this may come from the unique Asian culture. The cultures of the East and West are very different from each other. The Asian background causes students to surpass their peers around the world through a combination of an effective curriculum, outside pressures and student motivation. To begin with, Asian students succeed academically in math because the curriculum of Asian schools is designed to help them by teaching problem solving skills in a unique manner. One example of this is that the ways in which Korean students learn math lead to higher scores on international exams like the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) (House, Te lese). In the article â€Å"Mathematics instruction and achievement of eighth-grade students in Korea: results from the TIMSS 2007 assessment†, authors Daniel J. House and James A. Telese state, Students who earned high test scores frequently engaged in independent learning activities and decided on their own procedures for solving complex problems during their mathematics lessons. This shows only one thing that makes Korean students better at the subject, but it is very important. Because theyShow MoreRelated`` Swallow Me Whole, And Whether Or Not The Concepts Of Genius1143 Words   |  5 PagesIn this paper I will be summarizing the graphic novel, Swallow Me Whole, and whether or not the concepts of James O. 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Spike Lee, a known genius in the art of film directing, eloquently shaped the story so that the audience is able to see the dynamics of a multi-racial community without holding any bars. Lee advocated for a society that is more open to constructive conversations about social embargos. This movie was aRead MoreThe Tech World Is Notorious For Having Diversity Issues1902 Words   |  8 Pagesconsider potential employees from many demographics. Within the tech industry and Silicon Valley especially, there is a general theory that â€Å"success in tech depends almost entirely on innate genius† (). Unlike in other fields, people in tech feel that some are gifted and, because of it, egos run large. This sense of genius, historically, has been unfairly attributed to white men. This is reflected in the outright sexism and racism taking place within these companies. Whenever a demographic or race tendsRead MoreKorean History: The Choson People1515 Words   |  7 Pagesaccurately in their own language. 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Many Native Americans today are not allowed a chance at education because of poverty at reservations

Citizenship Is Defined By Merriam Webster - 1823 Words

Citizenship is defined by Merriam Webster as the quality of an individual s response to membership in a community. A working definition based on the actions of those who grant the privilege and those who are in a constant pursuit of it may agree on this: citizenship is comprised of a set of accomplishments and rules one must correspond with; it varies by country, decade, race and socioeconomic class. Over the past seven weeks, I’ve been introduced to a number of imperative readings that are fundamental when understanding citizenship as an evolving term. With references from the French, an analysis of sovereignty, governmentality, and misconceptions over time, I will elaborate on the essential arguments surrounding the rights of a citizen†¦show more content†¦The literary opposite of Hobbes is Jean-Jacques Rousseau, French philosopher and author of The Social Contract. With influence from The Enlightenment, he believed that everyone is entitled to their own rights. The re is a heavy emphasis on unity in all of his writings, going as far as signing all of his papers with â€Å"Citizen of Geneva†, reinforcing his need to equate his status with everyone else of the general assembly. â€Å"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. One man thinks himself the master of others, but remains more of a slave than they are.† Rousseau’s commentary attempts to hold the public responsible for the actions of the society in general, saying that those who attempt to control others are enslaved even tighter because of their persistence in breaking the general public apart. Rousseau’s ideal community operates cohesively, where everyone, including The King, move in unison with each other, no one standing outside giving instructions. Hobbes and Rousseau are two fundamental arguments that provide examples the citizen’s role either being relinquished or capitalized for the greater good of those around, they have been very voca l in shaping how America’s governing body was formed. When understanding citizenship, sovereignty is a key term when looking to understand the governing body that grants citizenship. Carl Schmitt, author of Political Theology: The Definition ofShow MoreRelatedThe Paradox Of Thomas Mores Utopia As An Adjective?1441 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Thomas More penned Utopia in 1535, he not only created a new genre in fiction, he also created a new adjective.   Miriam-Webster defines Utopia as: a place of ideal perfection especially in laws, government, and social conditions. An alternate definition given by the same dictionary is: an impractical scheme for social improvement.(Miriam-Webster) For the purpose of this essay we will be focusing on the latter; Utopia as an adjective. The paradox of the paradigm of Mores Utopia is that allRead MoreEssay Pericles1030 Words   |  5 Pageswhich led to him being ostracized for ten years (Pericles). Ostracism, as defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"a method of temporary banishment by popular vote without trial or special accusation practiced in ancient Greece† (Merriam-Webster, Incorporated). In the violence that followed Ephialtes was assassinated (Lewis). Pericles continued to worry the aristocracy by pushing for a law to only grant citizenship to people born of two Athenian parents (Pericles (c. 495-429)). It was notRead MoreSita As The Ideal Woman In Valmikis Ramayana1097 Words   |  5 Pageshero, Rama, Sita displays as a docile individual who lacks a say in her relationship with her husband. 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A Utopia is defined as â€Å"a place of ideal perfection especially in laws, government, and social conditions.† (Merriam-Webster) This society was created to uphold the people’s beliefs, care for their needs, and maintain fair and just decisions and choices. Based on the groups decisions, Dvoma is a utopia and resembles what a perfect society would look like. This essay will go over the keyRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1532 Words   |  7 PagesSince the establishment, people have been emigrating from every foreign country into the United States. Immigration is defined in the Merriam Webster dictionary as â€Å"a person who comes to a country to take up permanent residence† (â€Å"immigrant†). In the beginning, America was the land of opportunity, which allowed people to have a chance at reaching success. Since then, the population has grown to over 320 million people. Because of the explosion of people entering the United States, a restriction mustRead MoreEssay on Textbook Analysis: the American Journey1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthe social studies textbook. Let us begin by looking a t the definition of social studies. Social studies defined by Merriam-Webster as: a part of a school or college curriculum concerned with the study of social relationships and the functioning of a society and usually made up of courses in history, government, economics, civics, sociology, geography, and anthropology (Merriam-Webster, 2011). According to the above definition of social studies, The American Journey by Joyce Appleby, Ph.D., AlanRead MoreManifest Destiny, By John L. Sullivan1491 Words   |  6 Pagessentiment of the time that it passed into the permanent national vocabulary.† (Pratt, 798). 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It is antithetical

Cancer in American Essay Example For Students

Cancer in American Essay In modern society cancer is the disease most feared by the majority ofpeople throughout the world, supplanting the white death, ortuberculosis, of the last century; the black death, or bubonic plague,of the Middle Ages; and the leprosy of biblical times. Cancer has beenknown and described throughout history, although its greater prevalencetoday is undoubtedly due to the conquest by medical science of mostinfectious diseases and to the increased life span of humans. The study ofcancer is known as the field of ONCOLOGY. In the mid-1980s nearly 6 millionnew cancer cases and more than 4 million deaths from cancer were beingreported world-wide each year. The most common fatal form was stomachcancer (prevalent in Asia), but lung cancer has risen rapidly, because ofthe spread of cigarette smoking in developing countries, to become theleading fatal cancer in the world today. Also on the increase is thethird-greatest killer, breast cancer, particularly in China and Japan. Thefourth on the list is colon or rectum cancer, a disease that mainly strikesthe elderly. In the United States in the mid-1980s, more than one-fifth ofall deaths were caused by cancer; only the cardiovascular diseasesaccounted for a higher percentage. In 1990 the American Cancer Societypredicted that about 30 percent of Americans will eventually develop someform of the disease. In the United States skin cancer is the mostprevalent cancer in both men and women. Lung cancer, however, causes themost deaths in both men and women. LEUKEMIA, or cancer of the blood, isthe most common type seen in children. An increasing incidence of cancerhas been clearly observable over the past few decades, due in part toimproved cancer screening programs, to the increasing number of olderpersons in the population, and also to the large number of tobaccosmokersparticularly among women. Some researchers have estimated that ifAmericans stopped smoking cigarettes, lung-cancer deaths could virtually beeliminated within 20 years.

How Personal Can Ethics Get free essay sample

The level of ethics competency is determined by the individual’s ability to identify elements of ethics, assess issues with ethics that arise, apply knowledge and regulations when making ethical decisions, and communicate those decisions to others. As stated by Curry in his discussion of workplace ethics: Ethics are about making choices that may not always feel good or seem like they benefit you but are the right choices to make. They are the choices that are examples of model citizens and examples of the golden rules. Weve all heard the golden rules: Dont hurt, dont steal, dont lie, or one of the most famous: Do unto others as you would have done to you. These are not just catchy phrases; these are words of wisdom that any productive member of society should strive to live by. (Curry, n. d. ) Organizational ethics depends on the culture of the company or organization and the extent of the importance of codes of ethics within the company. We will write a custom essay sample on How Personal Can Ethics Get? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Organizational ethics is the company’s codes and procedures that manage the actions and decisions of its employees and leadership. Personal difference and preference can impact this, however. There are occasions when organizational ethics and personal ethics are not in line with one another. A lot of times employees do not know how to balance the personal side with the business side. In businesses there are several factors that influence the morality of individuals. Those factors are peers, company policies and procedures, and superiors such as management. In our personal lives there are factors as well. Those factors include family and friends. Ethics are thought of by many people as something that is related to the private side of life and not to the business side. In many businesses, having ethics is frowned upon or thought of as a negative subject. This is because business is usually about doing whats best for number one, not about whats really the right thing to do. (Curry, n. d. ) With this in mind, there are occasions when business decisions are not made simply because the decision is really the right thing to do. Businesses are created for a number of reasons, but to stay in business the company must practice good decision making and make a profit. Over time, in the long run, the business that finds a way to balance personal differences and preferences with organizational ethics will last longer and be more profitable. Mary White, the co-owner of MTI Business Solutions addresses business ethics in her article. In one particular point White states: Companies and businesspeople who wish to thrive long-term must adopt sound ethical decision-making practices. Companies and people who behave in a socially responsible manner are much more likely to enjoy ultimate success than those whose actions are motivated solely by profits. Knowing the difference between right and wrong and choosing what is right is the foundation for ethical decision making. In many cases, doing the right thing often leads to the greatest financial, social, and personal rewards in the long run. (White, n. d. ) Often times, individuals in leadership positions put their own goals and preferences before that of the company. For example, a CEO might accept a deal with another company that includes an extra incentive or reward that solely benefits the CEO and deny a deal with another company because there is nothing extra that benefits the CEO. Although the company benefits by accepting another client, the ethics of the organization is compromised. Although the company with no included incentives may provide more value in the long run for the company looking to make a deal, the CEO may lose the opportunity to gain a deal in the future. When any individual becomes a part of a company, their own personal differences and preferences do not only impact the individual, but everyone around them including the company. Organizational Policies and Procedures and the Impact on Ethics In addition, organizational policies and procedures can impact ethics. The policies and procedures put into effect by businesses provide guidelines in efforts to allow the business to run smoothly. These procedures and policies set by the organization provide a means of what is right and what is wrong. This is the company’s code of conduct or set of organizational ethics. The organizational policies and procedures can either benefit the company or hinder the company. The purpose of setting this code of right and wrong is so that the company is providing employees with guidelines in hopes that employees will follow. The benefit is all employees are working towards a common goal in a common matter. This provides a sense of order within the business. Every position has its own guidelines so that employees know exactly what is expected. When an employee violates a code that is clearly documented in the company’s policies and procedures, the employee cannot state that he or she did not know what was expected. In the same sense, just as the organizational policies and procedures can benefit the ethics of the company, the policies and procedures can also produce a negative outcome. This can occur when employees refuse to follow these procedures. An employee may choose not to abide by policies when he or she has his or her own motive. For example, an employee does not agree with a company policy that states that no employee may release a certain type of information. In turn, the employee shares the information with a highly competitive company. This affects the ethics of the company as well as the individual. In this situation, the policy is clearly documented. Although the policy is set in place to provide order and give a guideline for employees to follow, the employee violated the policy. Ethical Dilemmas and Valerie When ethics become an issue within a company, ethical dilemmas occur. An ethical dilemma is a dispute between what is right and wrong between two opposing parties. Although ethical dilemmas occur every day, there is really no right or wrong solution. It is simply a matter of what one believes. In the case study, Valerie is facing an ethical dilemma. The ethical dilemma she is facing is not only about what she considers right or wrong, but also her job. As a result of her decision, she could lose several things. The ethical dilemma that Valeria is facing is if she tells anyone what she has learned, she could lose her job, her privilege to stay in the United States since she doesn’t have a Green Card, future education, and her career relationships. In this situation, Valerie can reveal the information and risk losing everything or keep the information to herself and work for a company of which she no longer respects. In either situation, Valerie is losing something. It is up to her to decide what is more important. If I were in the situation Valerie is in, I would keep the information to myself. Although neither decision is potentially right or wrong, if Valerie chooses to keep the information to herself, she does not have to risk losing her job and ability to stay in the United States. Even though Valerie does not reveal the information herself, the information may still come out in the future from another source. Another method that I would chose is to provide an anonymous explanation to corporate. Most businesses provide a means in which employees are able to provide information anonymously. In either case, Valerie will not have to jeopardize losing her job, right to live in this county, education, nor relationships within the company. Conclusion In closing, personal differences and preferences can impact organizational ethics. Employees must realize that their own decisions and beliefs affect the company they work for. In the same sense, organizational policies and procedures can impact ethics as well. Although companies set up policies to address what is right and wrong, there are positive benefits as well as negative outcomes.

Study Notes - POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT CHANGE (inc. Economic Growth)

Study Notes - POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT CHANGE (inc. Economic Growth) Economics- the study of how to use our limited resources (L, L C E) wisely to help make society and individuals better off.Land- natural gifts of natureLabour- various intellectual talents as well as physical power provided by labour forceCapital- the money needed to produceEntrepreneurship- the idea or ability to create the production, its people employed to thinkThere are two branches of economics:Microeconomics: factors that influence smaller parts of the Australian economy.Macroeconomics: looks at the whole nation; birds eye view of the economy for a country.Interest rate- the cost of borrowing moneyThe problem with relative scarcity refers to the face that there are not enough resources to satisfy society's unlimited wants.The opportunity cost of producing an item is the cost (lost) in not producing the next best item.Here we see that if this producer is in a market that thrives in he usage of guns yet not much butter then he would be advised by entrepreneurs to enter his L, L C into the production of butter, as there is more demand and not as much supply.English: Diagram of relationship between aggregate...This is seen as microeconomics.The PPF is the Possibility Production Frontier; it represents the maximum output that can be achieved. To increase the output in an economy you lower opportunity cost.There are 4 main types of economic systemsDecision makingPlanned Capitalism- Governments control markets to an extent set what they want sold although money is still retained within the private system (products owned by private businesses.) This would seem to be the worst market system for consumers.Planned Socialism- The government plan what they want sold and how they want it sold. In addition socialism makes sure that state own all enterprise. This would seem to be...

The Emergence of Modern Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Emergence of Modern Science - Essay Example Whereas it is healthy to ask critical questions, scientific proof, and evidence, accepting the scientific reality is a necessity. For instance, whereas our ancestors gladly accepted polio vaccine and eradicated polio, it is overwhelmingly difficult for present generation to accept genetically modified foods as a solution to rising food crisis. As argued by Michael Specter, healthy skepticism calls for asking the right questions, at the right time, to the right people. Pinpointing a problem is also a prerequisite to healthy skepticism. 3. A healthy skepticism requires an understanding between correlation and causation. Learning widely and gaining all round knowledge provides a basis for unbiased skepticism. Additionally, critical review of previous fundamental scientific theories makes it possible to question scientific knowledge based on scientific questions and scientific assumptions. 4. Articulate use of brains is one of the key to success in education. Understanding the unlimited relations between brain hemispheres is overwhelming. However, understanding that such relations exist makes it possible to prepare psychologically to expect, accept, interpret, and analyze wide array of knowledge. I hope to learn more about how brain hemispheres work in preparation for optimal use of brain resources. 5. Whereas it has been argued that schools kill creativity, I believe creativity starts with oneself and can be nurtured with time. Going beyond classwork and course books for search of knowledge is a prerequisite for creativity. Working in tandem with lecturers and like minded students will go a long way into cultivation creativity in my journey through UHD. 6. The first cartoon is funny because it depict a scientist in denial of scientific evidence. Whereas many scientists are looking hard for evidence to support theoretical predictions, it is funny that a scientist would disregard archaeological evidence of evolution in first the first

Architecture and the environment paper Research

Architecture and the environment - Research Paper Example Question 1: Ways which physical structures affect human behavior Architecture has majorly many roles and functions in the industry. Some aim to be aesthetically pleasant, comparable to the effect of any art figure. It can also be an expression of societal passion, cultural pride, or national value (Ayers, 2007). Critics maintain the notion that architectural set up and the configuration of space, the spacing and number of windows, and lighting affects individuals. Additionally, architectural set up has tough but variable effects on users' mood, social behavior, productivity and design features. They also affect wellbeing and health (Ayers, 2007). According to Joye (2007), people’s environs dictate not only way they reason but also their logical maturity. Gestalt psychology reasons that humans experience the power of architecture as their brains have a liking to surmise patterns and rhythm of structure and space, which dictate behavior (Joye, 2007). Question 2: Ways which archi tecture controls human behavior The structural set up of space inflicts limitations on behavior. Doorways decide human entrance to a room likewise a room’s magnitude restricts the behaviors that can occur within a room (Ayers, 2007). With these thoughts in mind, a structure’s purpose plus its users should equal its design. Since inhabitants modify the design and functionality requirements, the set up of the interior should consider elasticity. A building's interior should craft the appearance of space, despite its real size since space makes dwellers think they have the option between separation and interaction. People had to put out a more optimistic sense of control when their surroundings allowed them to decide separation or interaction rather than experiencing both just forced upon them. The psychological outcomes of crowding have been linked to anxiety and provocation. Facts propose that when people recognize sufficient space, they seem to have an enormous sense o f power over their surroundings and stand less prone to worry over slight bothers, aggression and pressure. Additionally, sufficient space comes with an enveloping outcome on personal health plus wellbeing. In a study, of dormitories, crushing facts said that the layout and design of internal space influences the pressure of psychological crowding and said that architectural set up has a mediating outcome on social behavior. Crowding has been associated to social withdrawal, aggression, amplified criminal activities, and unfortunate interaction. Privacy, on the other hand, stands powerfully associated to less social withdrawal, optimistic mental health, a feeling of control and duty performance, and a declined affinity to respond negatively to small bothers. According to Baum (1977), the outcomes of color and lighting in the office had a noteworthy sway on the mood of people working in the office. When workers professed the lighting as too bright or insufficient, their moods went do wn, however, when the lighting was changed and alleged as accurate their moods reached the peak points. Question 3: Implications of Residential and Commercial Set up For the reason of indirect and direct outcomes of architectural set up on wellbeing and health, the author looks at three unified variables as vital thoughts in the set up of space. These variables stand as the privacy, perception of density, and control

Qualitative Research Methods in Organisations

Qualitative Research Methods in Organisations Provide a justification for qualitative research in organisations Qualitative research is a field of inquiry in its own right. It crosscuts disciplines, fields and subject matters. A complex, interconnected family of terms, concepts, and assumptions surround the term qualitative research. These include the traditions associated with foundationalism, positivism, postfoundationalism, postpositivism, poststructuralism, and the many qualitative research perspectives, and/or methods connected to cultural and interpretive studies. (Denzin and Lincoln, 2000:2) qualitative researchers can access fascinating data by observing mundane settings or by finding everyday features in extraordinary settings. (Silverman, 2007:37) This essay provides a justification for the use of qualitative research methods in organisations. In the past, qualitative research methods have always been sidelined and quantitative research methods have been preferred for undertaking organisational research. One of the reasons for this is that qualitative research is always influenced by the researchers personal disposition. According to Creswell, Qualitative Research is a form of interpretive inquiry in which researchers make an interpretation of what they see, hear, and understand. Their interpretations cannot be separated from their own backgrounds, history, contexts, and prior understandings. (Creswell, 2009:176) Another reason for this is given by Silverman when he says that Policy makers and managers have been pushed away from ethnographic research because it takes a relatively long time to complete and appears to use unrepresentative samples. Even though some ethnographers are able to produce powerful arguments about what c an be read from a single, well researched, case, others muddy the waters by political posturing and by suggesting that they want no truck with conventional scientific standards. (Silverman, 2007:86) The pull of quantitative research for organisations is that it tends to define its research problems in a way that makes immediate sense to practitioners and administrators. (Silverman, 2007:86) More recently many organisations have started recognising the merits of using qualitative research methods to undertake research in the organisation. Qualitative research methods enable a thorough scrutiny of the researched topic which is not possible in quantitative research. Even within qualitative research, the researcher is provided with a vast range of options and opportunities for exploring diverse issues within the area of organisational research. What are the different methods used to adopt qualitative research? The most commonly known and most used method of qualitative research is ethnography which had its origins in social anthropology, with particular reference to the study of the culture of social groups and societies. The culture of a social group is made up of these complex networks of meaning and the key task of ethnography is to develop an interpretation and understanding of culture. (Thorpe and Holt, 2008) Ethnography can be described as a longitudinal research method that is often associated with participant observation, but can also draw on other research approaches such as contextual and historic analysis of secondary data published by or on the group being studied. The ethnographic approach to developing an in-depth understanding of peoples behaviour makes it well suited to studying organisations. (Marshan-Piekkari and Welch, 2004) But It bends reality considerably to imply that ethnography is today the main method of qualitative research and that observational material is the main data source. This is hardly surprising given the plethora of materials that invite our attention. These extend beyond what we can observe with our own eyes to what we can hear and see on recordings, what we can read in paper documents and electronically download on the internet, to what we can derive by asking questions in interviews or by providing various stimuli to focus groups. (Silverman, 2007:37) Grounded theory research, discourse analysis, deconstruction, content analysis, narrative method, action research (Humphreys, 2006), participatory enquiry, participant observation (Denzin and Lincoln, 2000), autoethnography, interviewing are just a few of the current approaches to qualitative data collection and analysis. All these methods are appropriately used in different forms of organisational research. I will be looking at autoethnography, grounded theory research, critical discourse analysis and the narrative approach towards qualitative research and will study the use of these methods in conducting organisational research. Autoethnography Ethnographers have started undertaking the observation of participation where they reflect on and critically engage with their own participation within the ethnographic frame thus giving birth to autoethnography. (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005:467) Karra and Philips have defined autoethnography as, the generation of theoretically relevant descriptions of a group to which one belongs based on a structured analysis of ones experiences and the experiences of others from ones groupIt is an attempt to produce sense from ones experience of a group that can be set down in a text and shared with interested others. It does not mean that the researcher studies only himself or herself, but that the researcher is an insider who can draw upon personal experience, cultural competence, and linguistic resources to frame and shape research in a way that an outsider cannot. (Karra and Phillips, 2008:547) Autoethnography has been very efficiently used by Karra and Phillips, in their article about internatio nal management researchers conducting studies in their own cultural context. They say that, autoethnography provides a methodological frame for understanding and managing their research. Even more importantly, it acts to sensitize the researcher to the importance of carefully managing the complex dynamics of this form of cross-cultural research including questions of authorial voice, role conflict, and power. (Karra and Phillips, 2008:543) Autoethnographic approaches have four important strengths- ease of access, reduced resource requirements, ease of establishing trust and rapport, and reduced problems with translation- but at the same time pose three important challenges- lack of critical distance, role conflict, and the limits of serendipity. (Karra and Phillips, 2008:541) The strengths of this mode of research are considerable and despite all the criticisms this method of qualitative research has acquired it can be used very successfully in organisational research where the need is to draw upon personal experiences. One of the uses of autoethnography is to allow another persons world of experience to inspire critical reflection on your own. (Ellis and Bochner, 1996:22) Experience is given a lot of importance in organisations and autoethnography enables the researcher and the organisation to use this experience in a positive manner and in a way which can be very beneficial to the organisation and its employees. Grounded Theory Grounded theory, developed by Glaser and Strauss, is a kind of theory generated from the data collected. The methodology refers to a style of conducting qualitative data analysis whose aim is to discover what kinds of concepts and hypotheses are relevant to the area one wishes to understand. Grounded theory, therefore, provides new insights into the understanding of social processes emerging from the context in which they occur, without forcing and adjusting the data to previous theoretical frameworks. (Cassell and Symon, 2004:242) Grounded theory is a method that is more appropriate for some questions than others. It is most suited to efforts to understand the process by which actors construct meaning out of intersubjective experience. Grounded theory should be used in a way that is logically consistent with key assumptions about social reality and how the reality is known. It is less appropriate to use grounded theory when you seek to make knowledge claims about an objective realit y, and more appropriate to do so when you want to make knowledge claims about how individuals interpret reality. (Suddaby, 2006:634) While the grounded theory approach appeared at a time when methods discourse was decidedly modernist, forty years of development reflect he paradigmatic plurality of current qualitative research. (Thorpe and Holt, 2008) The application of grounded theory in organisational research has been gaining popularity in recent times. This is because organisational psychology has been marked by a trend of moving from an individualistic point of view towards a more collective view. Grounded theory has been applied in studies focusing on organisational culture, organisational growth, change and innovation, team work and company survival to name a few. Grounded theory produces descriptions of organisational reality which elicit positive discussions around important themes in the organisation among the employees and, thus, form a basis for positive organisational development trends. (Cassell and Symon, 2004) Critical Discourse Analysis According to Cunliffe, Discourse analysis is a term covering a number of approaches to research that analyze language use. These approaches range from a focus on language itself, to a broader examination of the relationship between language use, social action and social theory. (Thorpe and Holt, 2008:81) Discourse analysis provides a theoretical and methodological framework for exploring the social production of organizational and interorganizational phenomena. (Phillips, Sewell and Jaynes, 2008:1) As a methodology, critical discourse analysis allows for the use of different kinds of methods in specific research projects. However, this kind of research in particular demands the ability to make sense of the linkages between specific textual characteristics and particular discourses on the one hand, and between the discourses and the relevant socio-cultural practices and historical developments on the other. This means that research of this type generally tends to favour in-depth scrut iny of and reflection on specific texts. (Marschan-Piekkari and Welch, 2004) Discourse analysis has become an increasingly popular method for examining the linguistic elements in the construction of social phenomena. It has been increasingly adopted by organization and management scholars interested in the social construction of specific organizational ideas or practices. (Varra, Kleymann and Seristo, 2004:3) There are three important problems facing researchers wishing to adopt a critical discourse perspective in their work. First, like ethnography, discourse analysis results in quite lengthy analyses that are often a poor fit with the requirements of journal editors. Second, discourse analysis often involves major data-management issues because of the volume of data that is often available. Finally, as this is a fairly new are of activity, there are few standard models available to follow. Developing innovative data analysis techniques for each study thus remains a final challenge facing researchers. (Phillips, Sewell and Jaynes, 2008) Narrative Approach According to Oswick, Narratives are an inevitable and unavoidable aspect of social life and, as such, are integral to the processes of managing and organizing. (Thorpe and Holt, 2008:141) Although the narrative approach is one with many merits which are being acknowledged by researchers, it is still a field in the making and is not very commonly used. Researchers new to this field will find a rich but diffuse tradition, multiple methodologies in various stages of development, and plenty of opportunities for exploring new ideas, methods and questions. (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005:651) A recognition that discourse is the principle means by which organization members create a coherent social reality that frames their sense of who they are has led to an increased interest in narrative approaches in organization studies. A narrative approach explicitly recognizes that, in organizations, language is the primary medium of social control and power, and that the analysis of linguistic practices is key to an understanding of how existing social and power relations are reproduced or transformed. (Humphreys and Brown, 2007) In the article, An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility at Credit Line: A Narrative Approach by Humphreys and Brown (2008), the authors adopted a narrative approach to the analysis of organizational processes in a bank, Credit Line, in order to explore how individuals in a financial institution dealt with relatively novel issues of corporate social responsibility. The authors used narratives to successfully draw attention to the plurivocity of orga nisational life. Use of qualitative research methods to undertake organisational research in a public sector organisation Public sector organisations are those organisations which are managed by the government. The main aim of these organisations is not to make a profit but to provide a service to the people under the government. Some example of public sector organisations are airports, public hospitals, railway stations, government run schools and colleges. Governments nowadays are looking to privatize most of the public sector organisations in order to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. Thus most of the above given examples have now been partially or completely privatised in most countries. Public sector organisations are common grounds for research amongst qualitative researchers. This could be due to the fact that public sector organisations are more easily accessible than the private sector organisations. Many public sector organisations have also started coming up with their own research and development department which undertakes the organisational research. In my opinion participant observation and interviewing together make an ideal combination to undertake organisational research within a public sector organisation or for that matter any organisation. The shortcomings of participant observations are covered by interviewing and vice versa. Thus, the two methods complement each other perfectly. Participant Observation The methodology of participant observation is appropriate for studies of almost every aspect of human existence. Through participant observation, it is possible to describe what goes on, who or what is involved, when and where things happen, how they occur, and why at least from the standpoint of participants things happen as they do in particular situations. (Jorgensen, 1989) Participant observation is one of the most popular ways of conducting fieldwork in an organisation. This is because through observation of the participants going through their daily routine researchers pick up information which they might not have access to in a more formal setting, an example of which is interviews. Participant observation can be of two types. In the first, the identity of the researcher is known to all and the researcher has a choice of forming relationships with the participants or to stand back and eavesdrop. This form of participant observation is ethically correct but the researchers pe rsonal disposition and identity may influence the participants behaviour and this may have an effect on the research material gathered. The second type of participant observation is covert participant observation where the identity of the researcher is hidden. This form of participant observation raises many ethical questions and is just another form of deception. Thus, covert participant observation should be avoided. The researchers ability to build relationships and develop rapport with subjects is crucial in participant observation. The danger here is that the researcher may feel so embedded and sympathetic to the group being studied that interpreting events objectively becomes difficult. Another demerit of participant observation is the time-consuming and open-ended nature of this kind of research which means it often doesnt get done. In a cost-conscious research climate in which specific and often short-term, definitive objectives are required to secure funding, sustained part icipation is a risky strategy. (Thorpe and Holt, 2008) Interviews The qualitative interview can be seen as a conversation with a purpose, where the interviewers aim is to obtain knowledge about the respondents world. (Thorpe and Holt, 2008:118) The goal of any qualitative research interview is to see the research topic from the perspective of the interviewee and to understand how and why they came to have this particular perspective. (Cassell and Symon, 2004) Interviewing is the most popular method of conducting organisational research. The method has three important advantages. Firstly, interviewers allow the researcher to discover new relationships or situations not previously conceived. Secondly, interview based research may be optimal when there is a small population of possible respondents as interviewers offer an opportunity to acquire a richness of information from each respondent. Finally, interviews may allow researchers to develop a deeper rapport with informants which is necessary to gain honest and accurate responses and to add insights that lay the groundwork for larger or follow-up studies. (Marschan-Piekkari and Welch, 2004) But the interviewing method also suffers from three disadvantages. Firstly, developing an interview guide, carrying out interviews and analysing their transcripts, are all highly time-consuming activities for the researchers. Secondly, qualitative interviews are also tiring to carry out as they involve considerable concentration from the interviewer. Thus, no more than three interviews, each of the duration of one hour, should be carried out in a day. Finally, interviews are also time-consuming for the interviewees and this may cause problems in recruiting participants in some organizations and occupations. The latest trends in interviewing have come some distance from structured questions; we have reached the point of the interview as negotiated text. Researchers are not invisible neutral entities; they are a part of the interaction we seek to study. Interviewers are increasingly seen as active participants in an interaction with respondents, and interviewers are seen as negotiated accomplishments of both interviewers and respondents that are shaped by the contexts and situations in which they take place. (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005) Depending on the type of organisational research which the public sector organisation needs to carry out and its goals and aims, either participant observation or interviewing or a combination of both the methods can be used appropriately in acquiring the required research material. Conclusion Thus, I conclude by saying that qualitative research methods have formed a niche for themselves in organisational research. The importance of organisational research is growing day by day and qualitative research methods are now an important part of organisational research. Although many forms of qualitative research make the use of figures and numbers to support a point of discussion, thus incorporating a characteristic of quantitative research methods, they also provide an in depth analysis on the topic of research and use one or more of the methodologies of qualitative research which include participant observation, interviewing, autoethnography, use of secondary data, grounded theory, ethnography, discourse analysis, narratives and rhetorical analysis. In this essay I introduced qualitative research and outlined its increasing importance in organisational research. I followed this up by describing approaches to qualitative research specifically concentrating on autoethnography, grounded theory, critical discourse analysis and the narrative approach, and critically analysing their use in organisational research. Finally, I concentrated on public sector organisations and why I think that participant observation and interviews are the best methods of qualitative research to undertake organisational research in public sector organisations. In doing this I feel that I have justified the use of qualitative research in organisations. References Cassell, C. Symon, G. (2004) Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. London: Sage Creswell, J.W. (2009) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (Third Edition) Thousand Oaks: Sage Denzin, N.K. Lincoln, Y.S. (2000) Handbook of Qualitative Research (Second Edition). Thousand Oaks: Sage Denzin, N.K. Lincoln, Y.S. (2005) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research (Third Edition). Thousand Oaks: Sage Ellis, C. and Bochner, A.P. (1996) Composing Ethnography: Alternative Forms of Qualitative Writing. Walnut Creek: Altamira Humphreys, M. (2006) Teaching qualitative research methods: Im beginning to see the light. Qualitative Research in Organisations and Management: An International Journal Vol. 1(3) 173-188 Humphreys, M. and Brown A.D. (2008) An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility at Credit Line: A Narrative Approach. Journal of Business Ethics Vol. 80 403-418 Jorgensen, D.L. (1989) Participant Observation: A Methodology for Human Studies London: Sage Karra, N. Phillips, N. (2008) Researching Back Home: International Management Research as Autoethnography. Organizational Research Methods Vol. 11(3) 541-561 Marschan-Piekkari, R. and Welch, C. (2004) Handbook of Qualitative Research Methods for International Business. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Phillips, N., Sewell, G., and Jaynes S., (2008) Applying Critical Discourse Analysis in Strategic Management Research. Organizational Research Methods 1-30 Silverman, D (2007) A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about Qualitative Research. London: Sage Suddaby, R (2006) From the Editors: What Grounded Theory is Not. Academy of Management Journal Vol. 49(4) 633-642 Thorpe, R. Holt, R. (2008) The Sage Dictionary of Qualitative Management Research. London: Sage Varaa, E., Kleymann, B., Seristo, H. (2004) Strategies as discursive constructions: The case of the airline alliances. Journal of Management Studies Vol. 41(1) 1-35